(C) THE NOVEL. TYPES OF NOVEL ~ Literary Hunt

(c) The Novel

What do you mean by Novel?

J.B. Priestley defines a Novel "as a narrative in prose treating chiefly of imaginary characters and events." So, a Novel is a long prose fiction having a plot, several characters and the plot developing and coming to a logical conclusion through the interaction of the characters with one another. A novel is the most effective medium for displaying human thoughts and actions. Novels can have any kind of plot form-tragic, comic, satirical, or romantic.

Kinds of Novels:-

The different kinds of Novels are discussed below:

(i) The Prose Romances: It is the earliest form of the novel and it was written in verse since time immemorial. Prose romances came much later in the form of a novel. They are simply fantasies in which the novelist creates an imaginative and idealistic world of his own which has hardly any resemblance, with real life. Sir Thomas Malory's 'Morte d' Arthur', Lodge's Rosalynde', Lyly's Euphues, Sidney's 'Arcadia', and Bacon's The New Atlantis' are the prose romances.

(ii) The Gothic Novel: These novels developed in the latter half of the 18th century, They are also known as horror novels, These novels were written principally by Horace Walpole (Castle of Otranto), Ann Radcliffe (Romance of the Forest, The Mysteries of Udolfo and The Italian), and Clara Reeva (Old English Baron). These novels create a mysterious atmosphere with supernatural horror predominant in them.

(iii) The Epistolary Novel: These types of novels are the novels in which the plot of the novel develops through the medium of letters. The term 'epistolary' is derived from 'Epistle which means- letter' In the epistolary novel, there is very little dialogue amongst the characters face to face, The characters exchange their views and thoughts through their letters. Through the medium of these letters, the plot develops and comes to an end. The best two examples of epistolar letters are Richardson's Clarissa Harlowe and Pamela.

(iv) The Prophetic Novel: These novels try to forecast what the future would be like. These novels do not claim to be absolutely correct or authentic The prophetic novels give us a tentative picture of the future based on the tendencies prevailing in the present. Aldous Huxley in the Brave New World envisaged in 1932 a future in which the entire populace would be mentally conditioned by the totalitarian despots.

(v) The Historical Novel: Basically, the Historical novel draws its theme from som important historical event. However, the novelist created his own imaginative world around it to make it interesting. Sir Walter Scott is the most important historical novelist in English. Scott's Kenilworth and Ivanhoe, Dickens' A Tale of two cities, ane Thackery's Henry Esmond are the best historical novels.

(vi) The Domestic Novel: The Domestic Nove present the day to day life of an average or middle-class family and its relations with friends and neighbors. The festivals and festivities, function and celebrations, birthdays nuptials and marriage. are graphically described in these novels. Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice', 'Sense and Sensibility' and 'Emma' are the best examples of domestic novels.

(vii) The Travelogues: These novels are trave stories relating to the adventures of the travelers or voyagers in unknown and unchartered seas. They often land on uninhabited islands or some islands inhabited by strange creatures. Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe' and Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels are the fine examples of the travelogues.

(viii) The Picaresque Novel: The term 'Picaresque' is derived from 'picaro' which means a wandering rogue. In these novels, the hero is a rogue or a bad character who wanders from place to place and encounters many adversaries who are equally roguish. These novels were developed in episodes. Daniel Defoe's Mall Flanders, Fielding's Tom Jones, Joseph Andrews, and Jonathan Wild, and Smollett's Adventures of Roderick Random are Picaresque Novels.

(ix) The Psychological Novel: It is a very special branch of modern novels. They probe the working of the human mind. Some of these novels are also called as 'Stream of Consciousness' novels. The greatest practitioners. of the stream of consciousness technique in English are James Joyce and Virginia Wolf. The Ulysses of James Joyce and Virginia Wolf's Mrs. Dalloway, The voyage out, and To the Light House are the best examples of the stream of consciousness novels.

(x) The Regional Novel: These novels describe the social and family life, customs, and manners, language, dress and bearing of the people of a particular region. The regional novel emphasizes the setting, speech, and customs of the same region. They affect the temperament of the characters, and their ways of thinking, feeling and acting. The novels of Thomas Hardy and D.H.Lawrence and regional novels.

SOME IMPORTANT NOVELIST AND THEIR WORKS

PROSE ROMANCES:-

S.No'	WRITER	WORKS
1	Sir Thomas Moore	Utopia
2	Sir Philip Sidney	Arcadia
3	Thomas Lodge	Rosalynde
4	Francis Bacon	The New Atlantis
5	Robert Greene	Pandosto

TRAVELOGUES:-

S.No'	WRITERS	WORKS
1	Thomas Nashe	The Unfortunate Traveller or The Life of Jack Wilton
2	Sir John Mandeville	The Travels of Sir John Mandeville
3	Daniel Defoe	Robinson Crusoe; Mall Flanders
4	Jonathan Swift	Gulliver's Travels

NOVELS:-

S.No'	WRITERS	WORKS
1	Dr. Samuel Johnson	Irene Rasselas
2	Oliver goldsmith	the vicar of wakefield
3	Samuel Richardson	Clarissa Harlowe; Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded; Sir Charles Grandison.
4	Henry Fielding	Tom Jones; The Adventures of Joseph Andrews; Jonathan Wild the Great; Amelia
5	Laurence Sterne	Tristram Shandy; A Sentimental Journey
6	Horace Walpole	Castle of Otranto
7	Ann Radcliffe	The Italian; The Mysteries of Udolpha; Romance of the Forest
8	Clara Reeve	Old English Baron
9	Henry Mackenzie	The Man of feeling
10	Matthew Gregory Lewis	Ambrosio, or The Monk
11	Sir Walter Scott	Ivanhoe; The Mortality; Waverly; The Pirate; The Abbot; The Tailsman; The Fortunes of Nigel; Rob Roy; The Antiquity; Quentin Durward
12	Jane Austen	Sense and Sensibility; Emma; Pride and Prejudice; Northanger Abbey; Persuasion
13	Charles Dickens	Pickwick Papers; Nicholas Nickleby; David Copperfield; Our Mutual Friend; Oliver Twist; A Tale of Two Cities; Great Expectations
14	Thomas Love Peacock	Melincourt; Headlong Hall; Nightmare Abbey; Crochet Castle
15	George Meredith	The Egoist; Vittoria; Diana of the Crossways; Emilia in England
16	Charlotte Bronte	Jane Eyre; The Professor
17	George Eliot	Romola; The Mill on the Floss; Daniel Deronda; Middlemarch
18	Benjamin Disraeli	The Voyage of Captain; Popavilla; Coningsby: or The new; Generation; The Wondrous Tale of Alroy; The Rise of Iskander; Contarini Fleming: A Psychological Autobiography
19	R.L. Stevenson	An Inland Voyage; Treasure Island; Kidnapped; The Master of Ballantrae Underworlds
20	William Wilkie Collins	No Name; The Moonstone
21	Thomas Hardy	The Return of the Native; Tess of the D'Urbervilles; The Hand of Ethelberta; The Trumpet Major; Far From the Madding Crowd; A Pair of Blue Eyes; Two on a Tower; Jude the obscure; A Laodicean; A Group of Noble Dames
22	Lord Lytton	Pelham; The Last of the Barons
23	H.G. Wells	The Time Machine; Love and Mr. Lewisham; The History of Mr. Polly; Kipps; Mr. Bristling Secs It; Through
24	John Galsworthy	The Forsyte Saga
25	George Moore	Abelard and Heloise; Ulick and Sorcha
26	Rudyard Kipling	The Jungle Book; The phantom Rickshaw
28	William De Morgan	Alice-For-Short; Somehow Good
29	Virginia Woolf	The Voyage Out; To the Light House; Orlando; Mrs. Dalloway
30	James Joyce	Portrait of the Artist as; a Young Man; Ulysses
31	E.M. Forster	The Longest Journey; A Passage to India; Where Angels Fear to Tread
32	Somerset Maugham	Cakes and Ale; The Constant Wife; Lady Frederick
33	D.H. Lawrence	Women in Love; Sons and Lovers; Lady Chatterley's Lover; The Rainbow; The Whité Peacock; The Plumed Serpent
34	Aldous Huxley	Point Counter Point; Brave New World; Mortal Coils
35	George Orwell	Nineteen Eighty-Four; Animal Farm
36	Hugh Walpole	Mr. Perrin and Mr. Traill; Sinister Street
37	J.B. Priestley	The Good Companions; A Severed Head; Time and the Conways; Dangerous Corner
38	Graham Greene	Brighton Rock; The Heart of the Matter
39	William Gerald Golding	The Inheritors; The Scorpian God

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTION:

1............started the technique of 'stream of consciousness' in the modern novel?

(a) J.B. Priestly

(b) Sir Walter Scott

(d) Virginia Woolf

2. Who wrote The Heart of the Matter'?

(a)Graham Greene

(b) Charlotte Bronte

(d) William Golding

3. Shakespeare got inspiration from Thomas Lodge's 'Rosalynde' and wrote a play named :

(a) Hamlet

(b) Twelfth Night

(d) King Lear

4. Moll Flanders by Daniel Dafoe is a............novel:

(a) Picaresque Novel

(b) The Prophetic Novel

(c)The Travelogues

(d) The Epistolary Novel

5. "It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife". Which novel of Jane Austen opens with this sentence?

(a) Emma

(b) Persuasion

(c)Pride and Prejudice

(d) Mansfield Park

6. What is meant by 'Wessex'?

(a) The region in which Hardy's novels is set

(b) The name of the countryside in Scotland

(d) The home town of George Eliot

7. What is John Bunyan's Grace Abounding?

(a) The author's autobiography

(b) A commentary on the Bible

(d) A religious treatise

8. Which of the following novels of Charles Dickens is most autobiographical?

(a) Oliver Twist

(b) A Tale of Two Cities

(d) Little Dorrit

9. In one of his novels Hardy quotes Shakespeare's remark: "As flies to the wanton boys are we to the gods, They kill us for their sport." In which of the following novels does he quote these lines?

(a) The Return of the Native

(b) Tess

(d) The Trumpet Major

10. George Eliot' was the pen-name of :

(a) Lara Evans

(b) Clara Reeve

(d) Mary Ann Evans

11. Which of James Joyce's novels resembles a vast Musical Composition?

(a) Ulysses

(b) Dubliners

(d) Finnegans Wake

12. E.M. Forster's A Passage to India deals with:

(a) Relationship between the Britishers and Indians

(b) Discovery of the sea-route of India

(d) Ancient Indian culture

13. Who is the author of The Scorpian God?

(a) Charles Reade

(b) George Gissing

(d) W.G. Golding

14. Aldous Huxley borrowed the title 'Brave New World' from :

(a) Bacon's New Atlantis

(b) Sidney's Arcadia

(d) Lyly's Euphues

15. In which Charles Dicken's novel does we come across a character called 'Miss Pross'?

(a) Hard Times

(b) A Tales of Two Cities

(d) Dombey and Sons

16. Who was it that compared Dickens to Shakespeare who can "with a phrase make a character as real as flesh and blood"?

(a) T.S. Eliot

(b) Matthew Arnold

(d) I.A. Richards

17. George Eliot is a :

(a) Moral novelist

(b) Religious novelist

(d) None of these

18. The term 'Novel was derived from the Italian it that compared Dickens to the word:

(a) Novellete

(b) Novella

(d) Novelle

19. The novelist that indicated mostly the education system of his times was :

(a) Tom Jones

(b) Charles Reads

(d) Charles Dickens

20. The Pilgrim's Progress' by John Bunyan is:

(a) A prose romance

(b) A domestic novel

(d) A prophetic novel

21. 'Castle of Otranto' is written by:

(a) Francis Burney

(b) William Godwin

(d) Smollett

22. Which of the following novels is called a "Novel without a hero"?

(a) Pickwick Paper:

(b) Vanity Fair

(d) Mill on the Floss

23. Charles Dickens left one novel unfinished. Which of these?

(a) Our Mutual Friend

(b) Little Dorrit

(d) Edwin Drood

24. What award was given to Hardy as a great novelist?

(a) Order of Merit

(b) Nobel Prize

(d) Laureateship

25. Virginia Woolf was the daughter of an eminent crițic. Which of the following?

(a) Leslie Stephen

(b) I.A. Richards

(d) Harold Pinter

26. Who is the author of Of Human Bondage?

(a) Somerset Maugham

(b) Harold Pinter

(d) J.B. Priestley

27. Fielding's Joseph Andrews is a burlesque based on:

(a) Richardson's Clarissa Harlowe

(b) Smollett's Humphry Clinker

(d) Smollett's Peregrine Pickle

28. Who is the author of The Bride of Lammermoor?

(a) Thomas Hardy

(b) Charles Reade

(d) D.H. Lawrence

29. Thomas More's Utopia was first written in Latin in 1516. In which year was it rendered into English?

(a) 1524

(b) 1551

(d) 1569

30. Who is the author of The New Atlantis?

(a) H.G. Wells

(b) Thomas Hardy

(d) Sidney

31. Hardy who created 'Wessex' is known as a:

(a) Religious novelist

(b) National novelist

(d) None of these

32. Charles Dickens's characters are generally:

(a) Round

(b) Flat

(d) Pathetic

33. Which of the following novels of Dickens is most autobiographical?

(a) David Copperfield

(b) A Tale of Two Cities

(d) Pickwick Papers

34. Which of the following novels of D.H. Lawrence was prescribed on the charge of obscenity?

(a) Women in Love

(b) The Rainbow

(d) Lady Chatterley's Lover

35. A very important T.V. serial has been made in one of the novels of R.K. Narayan. Identify

the novel :

(a) Waiting for the Mahatma

(b) Guide

(d) Malgudi Days

36. Who encouraged Faulkner to write novels?

(a) Wallace stevens

(b) Hemingway

(d) Robert Frost

37. Who is the protagonist in Anand's novel The untouchable?

(a) Sakha

(b) Rakha

(d) Lakha

38. Which novel of Hemingway won him the Novel Prize for Literature?

(a) For whom the Bell Tolls

(b) The Sun Also Rises

(d) A Farewell to Arms

39. Dickens said about one of his novels: "I like this the best." Which novel was he referring to?

(a) David Copperfield

(b) Great Expectations

(d) Oliver Twist

40. Which novel of Mulk Raj Anand is' known as 'a total novel of human experience' :

(a) Coolie

(b) Across the Black Waters

(d) Untouchable

(C) THE NOVEL. TYPES OF NOVEL

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